research paper

Ore geology and fluid inclusion study of the Donggebi giant porphyry Mo deposit, Eastern Tianshan, NW China using Linkam’s THMSG600

The Donggebi giant porphyry Mo deposit in Hami City, China, is associated with the Donggebi porphyritic granite and has undergone a four-stage hydrothermal ore-forming process, with each stage characterized by different mineral compositions. Researchers from the Chinese academy of Sciences and Peking University used the Linkam THMSG600 in order to shed insights into the formation processes of these ores. They found that initially the ores formed at high temperature, associated with CO₂ fluid inclusions, and low concentrations of NaCl, which evolved into lower temperature deposition associated with low CO₂ concentrations and higher NaCl concentrations.

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Application of the Linkam TS1400XY heating stage to melt inclusion studies

Melt inclusions offer a direct method to study magmatic processes and the evolution of magmatic systems, including the determination of volatile content in a magma body before an eruption. Various techniques, such as heating in one-atmosphere furnaces, high-pressure vessels, and microscope-mounted high-temperature stages, are used to homogenize MI for analysis. Discover how the Linkam TS1400XY heating stage revolutionizes the study of melt inclusions; with its exceptional ability to homogenize melt inclusions and swiftly quench the homogeneous melt into a glass, it opens up new possibilities for research and exploration.

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Contactless probing of polycrystalline methane hydrate at pore scale suggests weaker tensile properties than thought (Copy) (Copy)

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Tensile properties of polycrystalline methane hydrate are analysed using the Linkam CAP500 under microscopy.

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Full Open Access article available via CC BY 3.0.

Wan, Ye, et al. "An Experimental Study of the Formation of Talc through CaMg (CO3) 2–SiO2–H2O Interaction at 100–200 C and Vapor-Saturation Pressures." Geofluids 2017 (2017).

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Adaptive 3D cryogenic correlative light imaging of native biology using laser free confocal system

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Cryogenic light microscopy is an important part a correlative imaging workflow, allowing confirmation of localised molecules of interest prior to processing for downstream analysis such ultrastructural or compositional assessment or in short: It is a key mapping step.

Here, the authors describe adaptation of a standard upright widefield microscope into a cryogenic 3D laser-free confocal system using the Linkam CMS196. We demonstrate the necessary sample preparation steps followed by confocal imaging of biological cells and tissues.

Access the full version here: https://analyticalscience.wiley.com/do/10.1002/was.00170086

Nizamudeen, Zubair Ahmed, et al. "Adaptive 3D cryogenic correlative light imaging of native biology using laser free confocal system. Wiley Analytical Science

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Solar Cells Operating under Thermal Stress

Solar cells and photovoltaic devices are generally optimised for use at room temperature, but there are certain applications that find them in higher or lower temperature environments, such as in extraterrestrial exploration or in the hottest deserts. This review details examples of how temperature-controlled experiments play an important part in characterising and understanding the behaviour of next-gen photovoltaic devices, including some examples using Linkam’s electrical stages.

Read the full article here: https://www.cell.com/cell-reports-physical-science/fulltext/S2666-3864(20)30289-7

Rodolphe Vaillon, Stéphanie Parola, Chrysovalantou Lamnatou, Daniel Chemisana. “Solar Cells Operating under Thermal Stress” Cell Reports Physical Science 1, 100267 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xcrp.2020.100267

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An Image is Everything: A Tutorial on Choosing and Using the Components of a Dynamic Data Capture System

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Linkam provide sample characterisation solutions across a range of temperature and environmental control methods which can be used in combination with microscopic and spectroscopic analysis techniques. Here, we share our expertise in temperature-controlled microscopy with a discussion of how to assemble a dynamic data capture and imaging system.

Access the full version here: https://doi.org/10.1017/S1551929520001558

Stacey, D., & Gurney, R. (2020). An Image is Everything: A Tutorial on Choosing and Using the Components of a Dynamic Data Capture System. Microscopy Today, 28(6), 44-49. doi:10.1017/S1551929520001558

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In situ study of the morphological changes on the surface of a duplex stainless steel by means of high temperature laser scanning confocal microscopy

Using the Linkam TS1500, researchers observe how duplex stainless steel undergoes morphological changes with temperatures close to its melting point. They heated samples up to 1500°C and captured images of the changing material using a confocal microscope. This research is essential work to help understand how heat treatments affect steel, in order to avoid inadequate heat treatment which leads to intergranular corrosion.

Read the full article here (access required).

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Investigation of the influence of pretreatment parameters on the surface characteristics of amorphous metal for use in power industry

Researchers use Linkam TS1500 to investigate the properties of “metallic glasses”, or amorphous metals, as they undergo annealing at high temperature. These materials are potentially useful for the production of high efficiency energy devices.

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Heterogeneous oxidation of amorphous organic aerosol surrogates by O3, NO3, and OH at typical tropospheric temperatures

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Researchers use Linkam’s BCS196 Cryobiology stage with optical microscopy to observe and measuree reactive uptake coefficients (γ ) of O3, NO3, and OH for several systems of oxidant and organic aerosol surrogate combinations.

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Intrinsic mechanical behavior of femoral cortical bone in young, osteoporotic and bisphosphonatetreated individuals in low- and high energy fracture conditions

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Researchers use Linkam’s mechanical testing stage to investigate treatments for osteoporosis in fractures of femoral bones.

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Full Open Access article availble via CC BY

Zimmermann, E., Schaible, E., Gludovatz, B. et al. Intrinsic mechanical behavior of femoral cortical bone in young, osteoporotic and bisphosphonate-treated individuals in low- and high energy fracture conditions. Sci Rep 6, 21072 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1038/srep21072

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In situ study of sigma phase formation in Cr–Co–Ni ternary alloys at 800C using the long duration experiment facility at Diamond Light Source

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See how a unique setup using Linkam’s TS1500 allows researchers to perform beamline XRD analysis at high temperature at Diamond Light Source. Here, they use the new long-duration experimental beamline I11 to study phase formation kinetics of metal alloys, demonstrating a new technique for metallurgical studies.

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Flow-induced crystallisation of polymers from aqueous solution

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Researchers used Linkam’s CSS450 to replicate the mechanical properties of natural silk by creating a synthetic polymer that solidifies when subject to flow. Using temperature-controlled shear in the aqueous phase they induce polymer crystallisation, providing an alternative low-energy polymer processing route.

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Full Open Access article availble via CC BY 4.0

Dunderdale, Gary J., et al. "Flow-induced crystallisation of polymers from aqueous solution." Nature communications 11.1 (2020): 1-9.

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Multimodal Imaging and Soft X‐Ray Tomography of Fluorescent Nanodiamonds in Cancer Cells

Linkam’s CMS196 is used in many biological experimental procedures, such as this work from a group at RMIT University in Melbourne, Australia where the CMS196 is used to study the cell morphology of fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) with confocal fluorescence microscopy. They observe uptake of these FNDS by cancer cells, opening up the possibility of their use in biological imaging and sensing.

Read the full article here (access required).

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Inorganic Nanotube Mesophases Enable Strong Self-Healing Fibers

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Using Linkam’s mechanical testing stage, a team of researchers at Imperial College London added geo-inspired double-walled nanotubes to a polymer matrix in order to improve the tensile properties.

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Full Open Access article availble via CC BY

Inorganic Nanotube Mesophases Enable Strong Self-Healing Fibers Won Jun Lee, Erwan Paineau, David Benbow Anthony, Yulin Gao, Hannah Siobhan Leese, Stéphan Rouzière, Pascale Launois, and Milo Sebastian Peter Shaffer* ACS Nano 2020, 14, 5, 5570–5580 Publication Date:April 7, 202

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